The Main Components
THC
There are 113 identified cannabinoids in the cannabis plant including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which is the main psychoactive compound in cannabis. THC binds to cannabinoid (CB1) receptors, much like naturally produced cannabinoids in the body, in the brain to produce a high sensation. CB1 receptors are located in areas of the brain that are associated with thinking, coordination, memory, pleasure, and time perception. THC can help with pain, insomnia, low appetite, and anxiety but has some psychoactive side effects.
CBD
Cannabidiol is harvested from hemp for CBD products and from cannabis for balance products. CBD has some psychoactive effects but much less than THC and doesn’t produce a high. CBD needs THC in order to bind to CB1 receptors but CBD blocks the unwanted effects of THC. CBD can help with anxiety, depression, pain, inflammation, nausea, and migraine. There are few side effects related to CBD. Other cannabinoids include CBN, CBG, and CBC which also act on CB1 receptors.
Terpenes
Terpenes are found in Trichomes which are the crystals on the bud. Terpenes make up the flavour and aroma. High concentrations of terpenes in a bud can produce an entourage effect where cannabinoids and terpenes work together to produce a greater high. There are many different terpenes that have different flavours and aromas as well as health benefits. For example, β-caryophyllene is spicy and peppery and can also ease symptoms of anxiety and depression whereas limonene is citrusy and fresh and can boost immune function.